In conventional concrete, what is the binding agent?

In conventional concrete, what is the binding agent?

• A. Gypsum
• B. Bitumen
• C. Lime plaster
• D. Portland cement

Answer: (D)

Portland cement is the binding agent in conventional concrete. When water is added, it hydrates and forms a cementitious matrix that binds the aggregate particles (sand and gravel) into a solid, cohesive mass. The resulting microstructure—hydration products like calcium silicate hydrates—transfers load and gives concrete its strength and rigidity. Gypsum is only a minor component or additive in some cement blends and is not the main binder. Lime plaster uses lime as the binder, typical of traditional mortars rather than modern concrete. Bitumen serves as a binder in asphalt, not in concrete. So Portland cement is the material that actually holds the concrete together.

Portland cement is the binding agent in conventional concrete. When water is added, it hydrates and forms a cementitious matrix that binds the aggregate particles (sand and gravel) into a solid, cohesive mass. The resulting microstructure—hydration products like calcium silicate hydrates—transfers load and gives concrete its strength and rigidity.

Gypsum is only a minor component or additive in some cement blends and is not the main binder. Lime plaster uses lime as the binder, typical of traditional mortars rather than modern concrete. Bitumen serves as a binder in asphalt, not in concrete. So Portland cement is the material that actually holds the concrete together.